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Compare Lebanon (2001) - Saint Helena (2001)

Compare Lebanon (2001) z Saint Helena (2001)

 Lebanon (2001)Saint Helena (2001)
 LebanonSaint Helena
Administrative divisions 5 governorates (mohafazat, singular - mohafazah); Beyrouth, Ech Chimal, Ej Jnoub, El Bekaa, Jabal Loubnane 1 administrative area and 2 dependencies*; Ascension*, Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha*
Age structure 0-14 years:
27.57% (male 509,975; female 490,031)

15-64 years:
65.72% (male 1,136,995; female 1,247,184)

65 years and over:
6.71% (male 110,964; female 132,625) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
19.08% (male 699; female 687)

15-64 years:
71.72% (male 2,711; female 2,500)

65 years and over:
9.2% (male 286; female 383) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products citrus, grapes, tomatoes, apples, vegetables, potatoes, olives, tobacco; sheep, goats corn, potatoes, vegetables; timber; fish, crawfish (on Tristan da Cunha)
Airports 8 (2000 est.) 1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
5

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total:
1

over 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
2

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
-
Area total:
10,400 sq km

land:
10,230 sq km

water:
170 sq km
total:
410 sq km

land:
410 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes St. Helena Island, Ascension, and the island group of Tristan da Cunha, which consists of Tristan da Cunha Island, Gough Island, Inaccessible Island, and the three Nightingale Islands
Area - comparative about 0.7 times the size of Connecticut slightly more than two times the size of Washington, DC
Background Lebanon has made progress toward rebuilding its political institutions and regaining its national sovereignty since 1991 and the end of the devastating 16-year civil war. Under the Ta'if Accord - the blueprint for national reconciliation - the Lebanese have established a more equitable political system, particularly by giving Muslims a greater say in the political process while institutionalizing sectarian divisions in the government. Since the end of the war, the Lebanese have conducted several successful elections, most of the militias have been weakened or disbanded, and the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) have extended central government authority over about two-thirds of the country. Hizballah, the radical Shi'a party, retains its weapons. Syria maintains about 25,000 troops in Lebanon based mainly in Beirut, North Lebanon, and the Bekaa Valley. Syria's troop deployment was legitimized by the Arab League during Lebanon's civil war and in the Ta'if Accord. Damascus justifies its continued military presence in Lebanon by citing the continued weakness of the LAF, Beirut's requests, and the failure of the Lebanese Government to implement all of the constitutional reforms in the Ta'if Accord. Israel's withdrawal from its security zone in southern Lebanon in May of 2000, however, has emboldened some Lebanese Christians and Druze to demand that Syria withdraw its forces as well. Uninhabited when first discovered by the Portuguese in 1502, St. Helena was garrisoned by the British during the 17th century. It acquired fame as the place of Napoleon BONAPARTE's exile, from 1815 until his death in 1821, but its importance as a port of call declined after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. Ascension Island is the site of a US Air Force auxiliary airfield; Gough Island has a meteorological station.
Birth rate 20.16 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 13.49 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$3.31 billion

expenditures:
$5.55 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
revenues:
$11.2 million

expenditures:
$11 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY92)
Capital Beirut Jamestown
Climate Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers; Lebanon mountains experience heavy winter snows Saint Helena - tropical; marine; mild, tempered by trade winds; Tristan da Cunha - temperate; marine, mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena)
Coastline 225 km 60 km
Constitution 23 May 1926, amended a number of times, most recently Charter of Lebanese National Reconciliation (Taif Accord) of October 1989 1 January 1989
Country name conventional long form:
Lebanese Republic

conventional short form:
Lebanon

local long form:
Al Jumhuriyah al Lubnaniyah

local short form:
Lubnan
conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Saint Helena
Currency Lebanese pound (LBP) Saint Helenian pound (SHP)
Death rate 6.39 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 6.33 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $9.6 billion (2000 est.) $NA
Dependency status - overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador David M. SATTERFIELD

embassy:
Antelias, Beirut

mailing address:
P. O. Box 70-840, Antelias, Beirut; PSC 815, Box 2, FPO AE 09836-0002

telephone:
[961] (4) 543600, 543600

FAX:
[961] (4) 544136
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Dr. Farid ABBOUD

chancery:
2560 28th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 939-6300

FAX:
[1] (202) 939-6324

consulate(s) general:
Detroit, New York, and Los Angeles
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international Syrian troops in northern, central, and eastern Lebanon since October 1976; Lebanese government claims Shab'a Farms area of Israeli-occupied Golan Heights as a part of Lebanon from which Hizballah conducts cross-border attacks none
Economic aid - recipient $3.5 billion (pledges 1997-2001) $12.6 million (1995); note - $5.3 million from UK (1997)
Economy - overview The 1975-91 civil war seriously damaged Lebanon's economic infrastructure, cut national output by half, and all but ended Lebanon's position as a Middle Eastern entrepot and banking hub. Peace enabled the central government to restore control in Beirut, begin collecting taxes, and regain access to key port and government facilities. Economic recovery was helped by a financially sound banking system and resilient small- and medium-scale manufacturers. Family remittances, banking services, manufactured and farm exports, and international aid provided the main sources of foreign exchange. Lebanon's economy has made impressive gains since the launch in 1993 of "Horizon 2000," the government's $20 billion reconstruction program. Real GDP grew 8% in 1994, 7% in 1995, 4% per year in 1996 and 1997 but slowed to 2% in 1998, -1% in 1999, and 1% in 2000. Annual inflation fell during the course of the 1990s from more than 100% to 0%, and foreign exchange reserves jumped from $1.4 billion to more than $6 billion. Burgeoning capital inflows have generated foreign payments surpluses, and the Lebanese pound has remained very stable for the past two years. Lebanon has rebuilt much of its war-torn physical and financial infrastructure. Solidere, a $2-billion firm, has managed the reconstruction of Beirut's central business district; the stock market reopened in January 1996; and international banks and insurance companies are returning. The government nonetheless faces serious challenges in the economic arena. It has funded reconstruction by tapping foreign exchange reserves and by borrowing heavily - mostly from domestic banks. The newly re-installed HARIRI government's announced policies fail to address the ever-increasing budgetary deficits and national debt burden. The gap between rich and poor has widened in the 1990s, resulting in grassroots dissatisfaction over the skewed distribution of the reconstruction's benefits. The economy depends largely on financial assistance from the UK, which amounted to about $5 million in 1997 or almost one-half of annual budgetary revenues. The local population earns income from fishing, the raising of livestock, and sales of handicrafts. Because there are few jobs, 25% of the work force has left to seek employment on Ascension Island, on the Falklands, and in the UK.
Electricity - consumption 7.86 billion kWh (1999) 5.6 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 654 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 7.748 billion kWh (1999) 6 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
91.29%

hydro:
8.71%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Mediterranean Sea 0 m

highest point:
Qurnat as Sawda' 3,088 m
lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha 2,060 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Beirut from vehicular traffic and the burning of industrial wastes; pollution of coastal waters from raw sewage and oil spills NA
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation
-
Ethnic groups Arab 95%, Armenian 4%, other 1% African descent 50%, white 25%, Chinese 25%
Exchange rates Lebanese pounds per US dollar - 1,507.5 (January 2001), 1,507.5 (2000), 1,507.8 (1999), 1,516.1 (1998), 1,539.5 (1997), 1,571.4 (1996) Saint Helenian pounds per US dollar - 0.6764 (January 2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6047 (1997), 0.6403 (1996); note - the Saint Helenian pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch chief of state:
President Emile LAHUD (since 24 November 1998)

head of government:
Prime Minister Rafiq HARIRI (since 23 October 2000); Deputy Prime Minister Issam FARES (since 23 October 2000)

cabinet:
Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president and members of the National Assembly; the current Cabinet was formed in 1998

elections:
president elected by the National Assembly for a six-year term; election last held 15 October 1998 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president in consultation with the National Assembly; by custom, the president is a Maronite Christian, the prime minister is a Sunni Muslim, and the speaker of the legislature is a Shi'a Muslim

election results:
Emile LAHUD elected president; National Assembly vote - 118 votes in favor, 0 against, 10 abstentions
chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)

head of government:
Governor and Commander in Chief David HOLLAMBY (since NA June 1999)

cabinet:
Executive Council consists of the governor, two ex officio officers, and six elected members of the Legislative Council

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; governor is appointed by the monarch
Exports $700 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $704,000 (f.o.b., 1995)
Exports - commodities foodstuffs and tobacco, textiles, chemicals, precious stones, metal and metal products, electrical equipment and products, jewelry, paper and paper products fish (frozen, canned, and salt-dried skipjack, tuna), coffee, handicrafts
Exports - partners UAE 9%, Saudi Arabia 8%, Syria 6%, US 6%, Kuwait 6%, France 5%, Belgium 5%, Jordan 4% (1999) South Africa, UK
Fiscal year calendar year 1 April - 31 March
Flag description three horizontal bands of red (top), white (double width), and red with a green and brown cedar tree centered in the white band blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and three-masted sailing ship
GDP purchasing power parity - $18.2 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $18 million (1998 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
12%

industry:
27%

services:
61% (1999 est.)
agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $5,000 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $2,500 (1998 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 1% (2000 est.) NA%
Geographic coordinates 33 50 N, 35 50 E 15 56 S, 5 42 W
Geography - note Nahr al Litani only major river in Near East not crossing an international boundary; rugged terrain historically helped isolate, protect, and develop numerous factional groups based on religion, clan, and ethnicity harbors at least 40 species of plants unknown anywhere else in the world; Ascension is a breeding ground for sea turtles and sooty terns
Highways total:
7,300 km

paved:
6,350 km

unpaved:
950 km (1999 est.)
total:
158 km (Saint Helena 118 km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km)

paved:
138 km (Saint Helena 98km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km)

unpaved:
NA km 20 km (Saint Helena 20 km, Ascension 0 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs inconsequential producer of hashish; a Lebanese/Syrian eradication campaign started in the early 1990s has practically eliminated the opium and cannabis crops -
Imports $6.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $14.434 million (c.i.f., 1995)
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, consumer goods, chemicals, textiles, metals, fuels, agricultural foods food, beverages, tobacco, fuel oils, animal feed, building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and parts
Imports - partners Italy 13%, France 11%, Germany 8%, US 7%, Switzerland 6%, Japan, UK, Syria (1999) UK, South Africa
Independence 22 November 1943 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries banking; food processing; jewelry; cement; textiles; mineral and chemical products; wood and furniture products; oil refining; metal fabricating construction, crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing
Infant mortality rate 28.35 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 22.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 0% (2000 est.) 3.2% (1997 est.)
International organization participation ABEDA, ACCT, AFESD, AL, AMF, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNRWA, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) ICFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 22 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 860 sq km (1993 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch four Courts of Cassation (three courts for civil and commercial cases and one court for criminal cases); Constitutional Council (called for in Ta'if Accord - rules on constitutionality of laws); Supreme Council (hears charges against the president and prime minister as needed) Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court; Small Debts Court; Juvenile Court
Labor force 1.3 million (1999 est.)

note:
in addition, there are as many as 1 million foreign workers (1997 est.)
3,500 (1998 est.)

note:
1,200 of whom are working offshore
Labor force - by occupation services NA%, industry NA%, agriculture NA% agriculture and fishing 6%, industry (mainly construction) 48%, services 46% (1987 est.)
Land boundaries total:
454 km

border countries:
Israel 79 km, Syria 375 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
18%

permanent crops:
9%

permanent pastures:
1%

forests and woodland:
8%

other:
64% (1996 est.)
arable land:
6%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
6%

forests and woodland:
6%

other:
82% (1993 est.)
Languages Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian English
Legal system mixture of Ottoman law, canon law, Napoleonic code, and civil law; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction NA
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Majlis Alnuwab (Arabic) or Assemblee Nationale (French) (128 seats; members elected by popular vote on the basis of sectarian proportional representation to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 27 August and 3 September 2000 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - Muslim 57% (of which Sunni 25%, Sh'ite 25%, Druze 6%, Alawite less than 1%), Christian 43% (of which Maronite 23%); seats by party - Muslim 64 (of which Sunni 27, Sh'ite 27, Druze 8, Alawite 2), Christian 64 (of which Maronite 34)
unicameral Legislative Council (15 seats, including the speaker, 3 ex officio and 12 elected members; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 9 July 1997 (next to be held NA August 2001)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 15
Life expectancy at birth total population:
71.52 years

male:
69.13 years

female:
74.03 years (2001 est.)
total population:
77.01 years

male:
74.13 years

female:
80.04 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
86.4%

male:
90.8%

female:
82.2% (1997 est.)
definition:
age 20 and over can read and write

total population:
97%

male:
97%

female:
98% (1987 est.)
Location Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Israel and Syria islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, about mid-way between South America and Africa
Map references Middle East Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea:
12 NM
exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total:
71 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 379,705 GRT/592,672 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 10, cargo 42, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 1, combination ore/oil 1, container 4, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 5, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 2, vehicle carrier 3

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Netherlands 1, Syria 1 (2000 est.)
none (2000 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF; includes Army, Navy, and Air Force) -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $343 million (FY99/00) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 4.8% (FY99/00) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
980,412 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
605,332 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 22 November (1943) Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926)
Nationality noun:
Lebanese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Lebanese
noun:
Saint Helenian(s)

adjective:
Saint Helenian
Natural hazards dust storms, sandstorms active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha
Natural resources limestone, iron ore, salt, water-surplus state in a water-deficit region, arable land fish
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 72 km (none in operation) -
Political parties and leaders political party activity is organized along largely sectarian lines; numerous political groupings exist, consisting of individual political figures and followers motivated by religious, clan, and economic considerations none
Political pressure groups and leaders NA none
Population 3,627,774 (July 2001 est.) 7,266 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 28% (1999 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.38% (2001 est.) 0.72% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Antilyas, Batroun, Beirut, Chekka, El Mina, Ez Zahrani, Jbail, Jounie, Naqoura, Sidon, Tripoli, Tyre Georgetown (on Ascension), Jamestown
Radio broadcast stations AM 20, FM 22, shortwave 4 (1998) AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 2.85 million (1997) 3,000 (1997)
Railways total:
399 km (mostly unusable because of damage in civil war)

standard gauge:
317 km 1.435-m

narrow gauge:
82 km (1999)
0 km
Religions Muslim 70% (including Shi'a, Sunni, Druze, Isma'ilite, Alawite or Nusayri), Christian 30% (including Orthodox Christian, Catholic, Protestant), Jewish NEGL% Anglican (majority), Baptist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.91 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.84 male(s)/female

total population:
0.94 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.04 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.08 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.75 male(s)/female

total population:
1.04 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 21 years of age; compulsory for all males; authorized for women at age 21 with elementary education NA years of age
Telephone system general assessment:
telecommunications system severely damaged by civil war; rebuilding well underway

domestic:
primarily microwave radio relay and cable

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (erratic operations); coaxial cable to Syria; microwave radio relay to Syria but inoperable beyond Syria to Jordan; 3 submarine coaxial cables
general assessment:
can communicate with any place in the world

domestic:
automatic network

international:
HF radiotelephone from Saint Helena to Ascension which is a major coaxial submarine cable relay point between South Africa, Portugal, and UK ; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 700,000 (1999) 2,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 580,000 (1999) 0 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 15 (plus 5 repeaters) (1995) 0 (1997)
Terrain narrow coastal plain; Al Biqa' (Bekaa Valley) separates Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon Mountains Saint Helena - rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains

note:
the other islands of the group have a volcanic origin
Total fertility rate 2.05 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.53 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 18% (1997 est.) 14% (1998 est.)
Waterways none none
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